Gall Stones
Gallstones are small, solid particles that form in the gallbladder, a small organ located just beneath the liver. They are primarily composed of cholesterol or bilirubin, a waste product produced when the liver breaks down old red blood cells. Gallstones can vary in size, from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball.
The presence of gallstones doesn’t always cause symptoms. In fact, many people with gallstones are unaware of them because they don’t experience any discomfort. However, when a gallstone becomes lodged in a duct and blocks the flow of bile, it can lead to sudden and severe pain known as a gallbladder attack. Symptoms of a gallbladder attack may include:
Treatment for gallstones depends on the severity of symptoms and the presence of complications. In cases where gallstones are causing symptoms, or if complications such as infection or inflammation of the gallbladder occur, surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) may be recommended. This procedure is usually performed laparoscopically, using small incisions and a camera to guide the surgeon.
For individuals who cannot undergo surgery or who prefer a non-surgical approach, certain medications or procedures may be used to dissolve gallstones or to break them into smaller pieces that can be passed naturally. However, these methods are often less effective and may take longer to achieve results.
Preventive measures for gallstones include maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol, and avoiding rapid weight loss or fasting, as these can increase the risk of gallstone formation. Regular exercise and staying hydrated may also help reduce the risk of developing gallstones.